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Abstract
Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. is a primary storage insect pest damaging maize grains.
Control of S. zeamais can be done by applying biopesticide. This study was aimed at assessing the
ability of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, as biopesticide, to kill and repel Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. The
study was conducted at Entomology Laboratory, Seameo Biotrop in March to August 2018. A
completely randomized design with three replicates in each rate of Jeruk Purut leaf extract was
used. In preliminary pesticide toxicity experiment, five rates of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, namely
0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% were applied. In preliminary repelling ability experiment, five rates of
Jeruk Purut leaf extract, namely 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% were applied. In the main pesticide
toxicity and repelling ability trial, five rates of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, namely 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%,
and 15% were applied. Results showed that in 24 hour after treating (HAT) no significant effects
were found. Significant effects of Jeruk Purut leaf extract as insecticide on S. zeamais were found
in 48 and 72 HAT. The highest mortality rate (82.2%) of S. zeamais was found in 15% rate of Jeruk
Purut leaf extract in 72 HAT. The application of Jeruk Purut leaf extract was not found to give
significant effects on repelling S. zeamais in 24, 48, and 72 HAT as indicated in their sharply
fluctuating repellent values. The highest repelling ability (95%) was found in the application of
9% Jeruk Purut leaf extract in 24 HAT. It was concluded that Jeruk Purut leaf extract was more
potential as insecticide repellent for Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.
Key words: biopesticide, repellent, insecticide, maize, primary storage insect pest
Control of S. zeamais can be done by applying biopesticide. This study was aimed at assessing the
ability of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, as biopesticide, to kill and repel Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. The
study was conducted at Entomology Laboratory, Seameo Biotrop in March to August 2018. A
completely randomized design with three replicates in each rate of Jeruk Purut leaf extract was
used. In preliminary pesticide toxicity experiment, five rates of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, namely
0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% were applied. In preliminary repelling ability experiment, five rates of
Jeruk Purut leaf extract, namely 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% were applied. In the main pesticide
toxicity and repelling ability trial, five rates of Jeruk Purut leaf extract, namely 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%,
and 15% were applied. Results showed that in 24 hour after treating (HAT) no significant effects
were found. Significant effects of Jeruk Purut leaf extract as insecticide on S. zeamais were found
in 48 and 72 HAT. The highest mortality rate (82.2%) of S. zeamais was found in 15% rate of Jeruk
Purut leaf extract in 72 HAT. The application of Jeruk Purut leaf extract was not found to give
significant effects on repelling S. zeamais in 24, 48, and 72 HAT as indicated in their sharply
fluctuating repellent values. The highest repelling ability (95%) was found in the application of
9% Jeruk Purut leaf extract in 24 HAT. It was concluded that Jeruk Purut leaf extract was more
potential as insecticide repellent for Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.
Key words: biopesticide, repellent, insecticide, maize, primary storage insect pest
Article Details
How to Cite
Wulansari, A., Rochman, N., & Setyono, S. (2019). The Insecticide Toxicity and Repelling Ability of Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix D.C) Leaf Extract on Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch). JURNAL AGRONIDA, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.30997/jag.v5i1.1849
References
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Abdul SW. 2003. Peningkatan efisiensi pupuk
nitrogen pada Padi sawah dengan
Metode Bagan warna daun. Jurnal
Litbang Pertanian. 22(4): 156-161.
Asmaliyah, Wati H, Utami S, Mulyadi K,
Yudhistira, dan Sari FW. 2010.
Pengenalan Tumbuhan Penghasil
Pestisida Nabati dan Pemanfaatannya
Secara Tradisional. Jakarta:
Kementerian Kehutanan.
Balitbangtan [Badan Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Pertanian]. 2015.
Outlook Komoditas Pangan Strategis.
Bogor: Balitbangtan.
BPS [Badan Pusat Statistik] 2017. Produksi
Jagung di Indonesia. [Online]
http://www.bps.go.id [Di akses 09
Januari 2018].
Hartati SY. 2012. Prospek pengembangan
minyak atsiri sebagai pestisida nabati.
Jurnal Perspektif. 11 (1): 45 – 58.
Joharina AS, Alfiah S. 2012. Analisis
deskriptif insektisida rumah tangga yang
beredar di masyarakat. Jurnal Vektora. 4
(1): 23 – 32.
Lestari S, Jayuskal A, dan Indrayanu Y. 2015.
Bioaktivitas minyak atsiri daun jeruk
purut (Citrus hystrix) terhadap rayap
tanah (Coptotermes Sp.). JKK 4(4). 83-
88.
Ningsih Y, Salbiah D, dan Sutikno A. 2007.
Uji beberapa konsentrasi tepung daun
gamal (Gliricidia sepium Jacq.) terhadap
hama Sitophilus zeamais M. pada biji
jagung di penyimpanan. JOM Faperta
UR. 4 (1). Pekanbaru: Jurusan
Agroteknologi - Universitas Riau.
Nonci N, Muis A. 2015. Biologi, Gejala
Serangan, dan Pengendalian Hama
Bubuk Jagung Sitophilus zeamais
Motschulsky (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae). Maros: Balai Penelitian
Tanaman Serelia.
Munawaroh S, Handayani PA. 2010. Ekstraksi
minyak daun jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix
DC.) dengan pelarut etanol dan nheksana. Jurnal Kompetensi Teknik.
2(1): 73-78.
Rahmi U, Manjang Y dan Santoni A. 2013.
Profil fitokimia metabolit sekunder dan
uji aktivitas antioksidan tanaman jeruk
purut (citrus histrix DC) dan jeruk bali
(Citrus maxima (burm.f.) merr). Jurnal
Kimia Unand. 2(2): 109 – 114.
Ramlan A, Supartinah I. 2002. Eksplorasi
formasi keanekaragaman jenis, potensi
dan pemanfaatan tumbuhan bahan
pestisida alami di provinsi Jawa Barat
dan Banten. Berita Biologi. 6 (3): 393
– 400.
Saenong MS. 2016. Tumbuhan Indonesia
potensial sebagai insektisida
nabati untuk mengendalikan hama
kumbang bubuk jagung (Sitophilus
spp.). Jurnal Litbang Pertanian. 35
(3): 131 – 142.
Shinta. 2012. Potensi minyak atsiri daun
nilam (Pogostemon cablin B.), daun
babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L),
bunga kenanga (Cananga odorata
hook F & Thoms) dan daun kenanga
(Rosmarinus officinalis L) sebagai
repellant terhadap nyamuk Aedes
aegypti L. Media Litbang Kesehatan.
22 (2): 61 – 69.
Tandiabang, JA. Tenrirawe, dan Surtikanti.
2007. Pengelolaan hama pascapanen
jagung dalam Jagung: Teknik Produksi
dan Pengembangan. Maros: Balai
Penelitian Serealia.
References
Abdul SW. 2003. Peningkatan efisiensi pupuk
nitrogen pada Padi sawah dengan
Metode Bagan warna daun. Jurnal
Litbang Pertanian. 22(4): 156-161.
Asmaliyah, Wati H, Utami S, Mulyadi K,
Yudhistira, dan Sari FW. 2010.
Pengenalan Tumbuhan Penghasil
Pestisida Nabati dan Pemanfaatannya
Secara Tradisional. Jakarta:
Kementerian Kehutanan.
Balitbangtan [Badan Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Pertanian]. 2015.
Outlook Komoditas Pangan Strategis.
Bogor: Balitbangtan.
BPS [Badan Pusat Statistik] 2017. Produksi
Jagung di Indonesia. [Online]
http://www.bps.go.id [Di akses 09
Januari 2018].
Hartati SY. 2012. Prospek pengembangan
minyak atsiri sebagai pestisida nabati.
Jurnal Perspektif. 11 (1): 45 – 58.
Joharina AS, Alfiah S. 2012. Analisis
deskriptif insektisida rumah tangga yang
beredar di masyarakat. Jurnal Vektora. 4
(1): 23 – 32.
Lestari S, Jayuskal A, dan Indrayanu Y. 2015.
Bioaktivitas minyak atsiri daun jeruk
purut (Citrus hystrix) terhadap rayap
tanah (Coptotermes Sp.). JKK 4(4). 83-
88.
Ningsih Y, Salbiah D, dan Sutikno A. 2007.
Uji beberapa konsentrasi tepung daun
gamal (Gliricidia sepium Jacq.) terhadap
hama Sitophilus zeamais M. pada biji
jagung di penyimpanan. JOM Faperta
UR. 4 (1). Pekanbaru: Jurusan
Agroteknologi - Universitas Riau.
Nonci N, Muis A. 2015. Biologi, Gejala
Serangan, dan Pengendalian Hama
Bubuk Jagung Sitophilus zeamais
Motschulsky (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae). Maros: Balai Penelitian
Tanaman Serelia.
Munawaroh S, Handayani PA. 2010. Ekstraksi
minyak daun jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix
DC.) dengan pelarut etanol dan nheksana. Jurnal Kompetensi Teknik.
2(1): 73-78.
Rahmi U, Manjang Y dan Santoni A. 2013.
Profil fitokimia metabolit sekunder dan
uji aktivitas antioksidan tanaman jeruk
purut (citrus histrix DC) dan jeruk bali
(Citrus maxima (burm.f.) merr). Jurnal
Kimia Unand. 2(2): 109 – 114.
Ramlan A, Supartinah I. 2002. Eksplorasi
formasi keanekaragaman jenis, potensi
dan pemanfaatan tumbuhan bahan
pestisida alami di provinsi Jawa Barat
dan Banten. Berita Biologi. 6 (3): 393
– 400.
Saenong MS. 2016. Tumbuhan Indonesia
potensial sebagai insektisida
nabati untuk mengendalikan hama
kumbang bubuk jagung (Sitophilus
spp.). Jurnal Litbang Pertanian. 35
(3): 131 – 142.
Shinta. 2012. Potensi minyak atsiri daun
nilam (Pogostemon cablin B.), daun
babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L),
bunga kenanga (Cananga odorata
hook F & Thoms) dan daun kenanga
(Rosmarinus officinalis L) sebagai
repellant terhadap nyamuk Aedes
aegypti L. Media Litbang Kesehatan.
22 (2): 61 – 69.
Tandiabang, JA. Tenrirawe, dan Surtikanti.
2007. Pengelolaan hama pascapanen
jagung dalam Jagung: Teknik Produksi
dan Pengembangan. Maros: Balai
Penelitian Serealia.
nitrogen pada Padi sawah dengan
Metode Bagan warna daun. Jurnal
Litbang Pertanian. 22(4): 156-161.
Asmaliyah, Wati H, Utami S, Mulyadi K,
Yudhistira, dan Sari FW. 2010.
Pengenalan Tumbuhan Penghasil
Pestisida Nabati dan Pemanfaatannya
Secara Tradisional. Jakarta:
Kementerian Kehutanan.
Balitbangtan [Badan Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Pertanian]. 2015.
Outlook Komoditas Pangan Strategis.
Bogor: Balitbangtan.
BPS [Badan Pusat Statistik] 2017. Produksi
Jagung di Indonesia. [Online]
http://www.bps.go.id [Di akses 09
Januari 2018].
Hartati SY. 2012. Prospek pengembangan
minyak atsiri sebagai pestisida nabati.
Jurnal Perspektif. 11 (1): 45 – 58.
Joharina AS, Alfiah S. 2012. Analisis
deskriptif insektisida rumah tangga yang
beredar di masyarakat. Jurnal Vektora. 4
(1): 23 – 32.
Lestari S, Jayuskal A, dan Indrayanu Y. 2015.
Bioaktivitas minyak atsiri daun jeruk
purut (Citrus hystrix) terhadap rayap
tanah (Coptotermes Sp.). JKK 4(4). 83-
88.
Ningsih Y, Salbiah D, dan Sutikno A. 2007.
Uji beberapa konsentrasi tepung daun
gamal (Gliricidia sepium Jacq.) terhadap
hama Sitophilus zeamais M. pada biji
jagung di penyimpanan. JOM Faperta
UR. 4 (1). Pekanbaru: Jurusan
Agroteknologi - Universitas Riau.
Nonci N, Muis A. 2015. Biologi, Gejala
Serangan, dan Pengendalian Hama
Bubuk Jagung Sitophilus zeamais
Motschulsky (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae). Maros: Balai Penelitian
Tanaman Serelia.
Munawaroh S, Handayani PA. 2010. Ekstraksi
minyak daun jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix
DC.) dengan pelarut etanol dan nheksana. Jurnal Kompetensi Teknik.
2(1): 73-78.
Rahmi U, Manjang Y dan Santoni A. 2013.
Profil fitokimia metabolit sekunder dan
uji aktivitas antioksidan tanaman jeruk
purut (citrus histrix DC) dan jeruk bali
(Citrus maxima (burm.f.) merr). Jurnal
Kimia Unand. 2(2): 109 – 114.
Ramlan A, Supartinah I. 2002. Eksplorasi
formasi keanekaragaman jenis, potensi
dan pemanfaatan tumbuhan bahan
pestisida alami di provinsi Jawa Barat
dan Banten. Berita Biologi. 6 (3): 393
– 400.
Saenong MS. 2016. Tumbuhan Indonesia
potensial sebagai insektisida
nabati untuk mengendalikan hama
kumbang bubuk jagung (Sitophilus
spp.). Jurnal Litbang Pertanian. 35
(3): 131 – 142.
Shinta. 2012. Potensi minyak atsiri daun
nilam (Pogostemon cablin B.), daun
babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L),
bunga kenanga (Cananga odorata
hook F & Thoms) dan daun kenanga
(Rosmarinus officinalis L) sebagai
repellant terhadap nyamuk Aedes
aegypti L. Media Litbang Kesehatan.
22 (2): 61 – 69.
Tandiabang, JA. Tenrirawe, dan Surtikanti.
2007. Pengelolaan hama pascapanen
jagung dalam Jagung: Teknik Produksi
dan Pengembangan. Maros: Balai
Penelitian Serealia.